IATS 17^th Seminar 2026

presentation delivered 25 August 2026

Gabriel Lafitte, https://www.rukor.org , with research documentation by Shede Dawa, Tibet Watch

[Personal note: This presentation was proposed and accepted into IATS, but I did not proceed with registration, out of concern that the host nation might construe the topic as political, to IATS’ detriment. My hesitation notwithstanding, IATS was at the last moment cancelled by the host nation, so I now proceed.

The presentation is followed here by China’s lengthy master plan of the lower Yarlung Tsango mega hydro project, issued August 2025, in full, in Chinese and in English translation]

In the last days of 2024 China announced the lower Yarlung Tsangpo hydropower project had been approved, and the world’s biggest hydro infrastructure scheme would be installed, dwarfing even the Three Gorges.

Fascination and alarm quickly spread worldwide, yet little has been heard in the 20 months since announcement of a project first proposed by hydro engineers many decades ago. In 2025 and 2026 state-owned corporate governance structure has been announced, but little else. The newly created Yajiang Corporation has the status of a vice-minister. What to make of this hiatus?

At the highest level China is committed to implementation, although there is debate among elites in Beijing as to whether the required massive capital expenditure is the best use of investment capital. The high profile of this ambitious upscaling of ambition now places hydropower extraction from the lower Yarlung Tsangpo in a nation-building league comparable to China’s plans to land on the Moon.

Although there are as yet few indications of construction gearing up, we have plenty of reason to look at the Great Bend canyon of the Yarlung Tsangpo, and upriver, through Tibetan eyes, to appraise what is being lost: the most secret and inspirational of all the beyul hidden lands of Tibet.

So we plunge into the visions, treasures, revelations, poetry, songs and pilgrimage guides generated by centuries of practitioners attuned to nature in this warmest, wettest and most vertical of all Tibetan lands, a subtropical corner of extraordinary biodiversity, the farthest from the Equator of any tropic.

Although heavy equipment has not yet moved in, the cancellation of this beyul is already evident, especially in the program of displacement of Metokpa, compulsorily resettled in new prefabricated frontier villages.[1] Since 2024 the pace of exclosure has gradually intensified, in accordance with the many regulations stipulating removal of local communities from designated construction zones in lands requisitioned for installations of state. Eviction of villagers is so routinised, not only in the name of poverty and precarity alleviation, but more broadly as a pedagogy of civilising mission. The big character slogans draped over the trucks announce the mandatory emotions of the displaced: “grateful for relocation, embracing new life” and “move early, benefit early.”

Official slogans routinely depict local livelihoods in this abundantly warm and wet hidden land as precarious, poverty stricken, backward. An August 2026 official media article on training Metok villagers basic labour-intensive concreting construction skills is headlined: “Work-for-Relief Projects Pave the Way to Prosperity 以工代赈铺筑富民路Endogenous Motivation Activates New Rural Development 内生动力激活新乡村.”[2] The curriculum “cultivated villagers’ skills, transformed their mindset, optimized their income structure, and improved the village’s appearance through practical work, revitalized the village’s endogenous development momentum and injected lasting vitality into building a livable, workable, and beautiful countryside. Traditional farming and animal husbandry were susceptible to extreme weather and disease, and the income from forest resources was subject to climate conditions and market fluctuations. The villagers’ reliance on the weather for their livelihood was significant, leading to considerable income uncertainty. Previously, villagers’ income heavily relied on traditional farming, animal husbandry, and forestry gathering, a passive and highly volatile income model. Natural disasters, epidemics, and market downturns could severely impact household finances. Now, income from migrant work has become a new and stable source of income for the entire village. This has completely reversed the passive situation where income was entirely dependent on nature and the market, freeing villagers from livelihood anxieties. In the past, some villagers had narrow-minded ideas about increasing income, overly relying on natural resources under the forest canopy, and harboring a passive mentality of “waiting, relying, and demanding,” lacking initiative in starting businesses and developing independently. The villagers’ mindset has undergone a fundamental change. This positive and virtuous force rooted in the hearts of the people has become a valuable spiritual asset driving the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside.”

Now they have a new spiritual asset. What will become of the older spiritual assets of this hidden land?

A beyul with inhabitants cannot support retreatants. A beyul transected by highways, headrace tunnels, turbines and power grids is no longer a beyul. A Pemako beyul designed to attract millions, probably tens of millions, of Chinese tourists annually, is no longer a beyul. This is explicitly included in the published master plan; not speculation. China’s master plan for the entire project is remarkably detailed, its’ targets and timelines explicit. Selected excerpts: “The ‘Nyingtri-Metog’ highway (346 km long) will be upgraded and expanded, transforming the original gravel road into a Class II highway, reducing travel time from 12 hours to 4 hours; a new ‘Pai Town-Beibeng’ tourist highway (85 km long) will be built, connecting the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon scenic area;

“Railways: The ‘Sichuan-Tibet Railway Branch Line – Nyingtri-Metog Railway’ (180 km long) is planned and constructed, expected to open to traffic in 2030. At that time, Medog County will end its history of being “without railway access,” and freight transportation costs will be reduced by 60%; Tourism industrial cluster: Tourism resources such as the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon and the Metog Secret Realm will be upgraded with the help of improved transportation. The plan includes the construction of a “Hydropower-themed tourist area” (including a hydropower station viewing platform, a science museum, and experiential rafting), which is expected to increase the annual number of tourists visiting southeastern Tibet from 8 million in 2024 to 30 million by 2035, with tourism revenue exceeding 20 billion yuan.

“Industrial cultivation: transformation from “blood transfusion” to “blood production.” Project construction will drive the formation of “three major industrial clusters” in southeastern Tibet.”

Metok Secret Realm is now designated as a marketing brand, targeting China’s huge urban population exhausted by relentless city competition, seeking a nurturing, rejuvenating resort destination to recover. Since Lhasa receives 63 million domestic Chinese tourists a year, a target of 30 million stopping over in Metok and Nyingtri is entirely possible. This puts Metok on par with Portugal, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Netherlands or India as tourism destinations.

In brief, official plans for the lower Yarlung Tsangpo project go well beyond tunnels and dams, including a high speed rail line branching from the Shanghai-Chengdu-Nyingtri-Lhasa high speed line due for completion in 2030[3]. Both Metok and Nyingtri are promoted as beautiful destinations, restorative landscapes, antidotes to big city stress, nostalgically reminiscent of what southern China -Jiangnan- used to signify prior to pervasive industrialisation.[4]

China has promoted Nyingtri and the Namche Barwa/Metok beyul for several years as being quite unlike Tibet, a must-visit. Until now mass transit access was missing. Nyingtri is already accessible from Lhasa by fast rail, and heavily promoted as the new Jiangnan.[5] A classic north Chinese romantic projection gazing at south China is now projected westwards, remaking Tibet as China’s.

https://www.xizang.gov.cn/xwzx_406/ztzl_416/cxzt/fpgj/201901/t20190117_49380.html

https://linzhi.gov.cn/linzhi/xwzx/202511/4e9e25687d014bf3ba216eb771aeb9fe.shtml

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/SpbGtSl27N-dCWylQ5soaA

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Bgi3RIFquYwaknfz72zHZg

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/apVQo3RrdLiA1rjTIEAf_A

[2] https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/XWDDaPiAmra6M5w-T4d4_Q

[3] Wei We et al, Comprehensive impacts of high-speed rail and air transport on tourism development in China, Transportation Research Part A 190 (2024) 104263

Zhenhua Chen et al, High Speed Rail and China’s New Economic Geography, Elgar, 2019

[4] https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lD6D7HQrldHZP7HuQvinVg https://www.news.cn/multimediapro/20210817/63eebc194fee4ae18660871d13a6bc06/c.html

https://linzhi.gov.cn/linzhi/xwzx/202511/4e9e25687d014bf3ba216eb771aeb9fe.shtml

[5] https://www.jiemian.com/article/14566521.html

CHINA’S MASTER PLAN

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/BjcV1QhJb-nYY83K9hcsSQ

Yarlung Tsangpo Hydropower Station

Yarlung Tsangpo Hydropower Station: The Strategic Value and Comprehensive Interpretation of a Century-Long Project

25 August 2025

The National Will Behind a Project

On July 19, 2025, thin but clear clouds floated over the Yarlung Tsangpo River valley in Milin County, Nyingchi City, Tibet. When Li Qiang, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Premier of the State Council, announced the official commencement of the Yarlung Tsangpo River downstream hydropower project, the applause echoing through the valley mingled with the sound of the flowing river, becoming an important echo in the history of China’s energy development. This super project, with a planned installed capacity of 60 million kilowatts and a total investment of over 1.2 trillion yuan, is not only one of the world’s highest-altitude and most technically challenging hydropower projects, but also carries multiple strategic missions, including national energy security, regional coordinated development, and the achievement of “dual carbon” goals.

From a geographical perspective, the “Great Bend” area of the lower reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River is a “treasure trove of hydropower” bestowed upon China by nature. This section of the river alone concentrates over 80% of the hydropower resources of the entire Yarlung Tsangpo River basin, with a single station’s installed capacity potential comparable to three Three Gorges Dams. Strategically, it is a key piece in solving my country’s problem of uneven energy distribution, an “engine” for revitalizing the western border regions, and a “calling card” showcasing China’s clean energy development capabilities to the world. This article will comprehensively interpret the value and connotation of this “project of the century” from six dimensions: basic project information, profound significance of construction, alignment with national strategies, technological innovation breakthroughs, ecological protection practices, and socio-economic impact.

I. Basic Project Information: The “Super Project” Behind the Data

(I) Project Background: Unique Hydropower Endowment The Yarlung Tsangpo River originates from the Jiemayangzong Glacier on the northern slope of the Himalayas, flowing from west to east across southern Tibet, forming the world-famous “Great Bend of the Yarlung Tsangpo River” within Medog County. Here, the river level drops abruptly from 2,900 meters above sea level to 155 meters, a difference of 2,745 meters in just 200 kilometers. The water flow is extremely rapid, and the hydropower density is exceptionally high, a phenomenon globally rare.

According to data from the “Review Results of China’s Hydropower Resources” (2021 edition), the theoretical hydropower potential of the entire Yarlung Tsangpo River basin reaches 113 million kilowatts, with a technically exploitable capacity of approximately 66 million kilowatts. The technically exploitable capacity of the lower reaches, from the “Great Bend” to the river’s exit from China, accounts for 72% of the entire basin, making it one of the few remaining “undeveloped hydropower treasures” in my country and even Asia. Compared to other large-scale hydropower bases in China, the Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower project boasts three unique advantages:

**Concentrated Drop:** The average drop in the downstream section reaches 13.7 meters per kilometer, far exceeding that of the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River (0.18 meters per kilometer) and the Baihetan Reservoir on the Jinsha River (2.5 meters per kilometer). This allows for efficient power generation through “straightening the bend.”

**Stable Water Flow:** Influenced by warm, humid air currents from the Indian Ocean, the annual runoff in the downstream section reaches 60 billion cubic meters (equivalent to the annual runoff of three Yellow Rivers), with even seasonal distribution. Even during the dry season, the water volume can still meet power generation needs.

**Altitude Advantage:** Located in the southeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the power station is approximately 2000-3000 kilometers in a straight line from the load centers in eastern my country (the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta). This allows for “west-to-east power transmission” via ultra-high-voltage transmission lines, filling the clean energy gap in eastern China.

(II) Planning and Design: Scientifically Layout “Cascade Development” The lower reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower project consists of a “hydropower cluster” composed of five cascade power stations: Milin Power Station, Paizhen Power Station, Medog Power Station, Beibeng Power Station, and Xirang Power Station. Each power station complements the others and operates collaboratively, forming a three-dimensional development model of “annual regulation + daily regulation + runoff regulation.”

1. Core Power Station Technical Parameters

The dam, standing 315 meters high (equivalent to a 105-story building), will be the world’s tallest concrete gravity dam; with an installed capacity of 36 million kilowatts, exceeding the Three Gorges Dam (22.5 million kilowatts) by 60%, it will become the world’s largest hydropower station in terms of installed capacity upon completion; its reservoir can intercept 70% of the water volume of the lower reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River, achieving “straightening the bend” through 17 deep-buried tunnels with a total length of over 200 kilometers (maximum depth 2500 meters), resulting in a water drop of 2300 meters and a power generation efficiency far exceeding that of traditional hydropower stations.

2. Power Transmission Network Planning

To ensure the power generation, transmission, and utilization of electricity, the project includes the construction of four ±1100 kV ultra-high-voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission lines with a total transmission capacity of 60 million kilowatts. These lines connect to:

1. East China Corridor: Medog → Guizhou → Zhejiang (terminating in Hangzhou), meeting the electricity demand of the Yangtze River Delta region;

2. South China Corridor: Medog → Yunnan → Guangdong (terminating in Guangzhou), supplementing the load center of the Pearl River Delta;

3. Central China Corridor: Milin → Sichuan → Hunan (terminating in Changsha), supporting the strategy of the rise of Central China;

4. Tibet Local Corridor: Pai Town → Lhasa → Shigatse, ensuring electricity supply growth within the Tibet Autonomous Region.

The UHVDC lines are designed for high-altitude cold resistance, anti-icing, and lightning protection. They can operate stably in environments with temperatures as low as -30℃ and winds up to level 12, with transmission losses controlled below 5%, reaching international leading levels.

(III) Commencement and Construction Progress

The commencement ceremony on July 19, 2025, marked the beginning of the “full-scale construction phase” of the project. According to the “Outline of the Construction Plan for Hydropower Projects in the Lower Reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River,” the project will proceed in three phases:

Preliminary Preparation Phase (2025-2026): Completion of land acquisition and demolition at the dam site, construction of construction roads, and construction of a material reserve base. Simultaneously, the excavation of the test section of the main tunnel for the Medog Hydropower Station will be carried out to verify deep-buried tunnel construction technology.

Main Construction Phase (2027-2035): Priority will be given to the construction of the Medog and Milin Hydropower Stations, with simultaneous progress on the construction of ultra-high-voltage transmission lines. The first generating unit of the Medog Hydropower Station will generate electricity in 2032, and all five power stations will be completed by 2035.

Operation and Commissioning Phase (2036-2037): Completion of the commissioning of the entire basin’s cascade joint dispatching system will be achieved, realizing “hydro-solar complementarity” (coordinated operation with the Tibet photovoltaic power station), and fully realizing the comprehensive benefits of the project.

As of August 2025, the construction camp for the Milin Hydropower Station had been completed and put into operation, capable of accommodating 5,000 construction workers; the reconstruction and expansion project of the access road (Pai Town to Dexing section) for the Medog Hydropower Station was 80% complete, and was expected to open to traffic in March 2026; the first 700,000-kilowatt hydro-turbine generator unit in China suitable for an altitude of 3,000 meters had begun development at the Harbin Electric Machinery Plant.

(IV) Investment Scale and Funding Guarantee The total investment of the project is approximately 1.2 trillion yuan, equivalent to 5.2 times the GDP of the Tibet Autonomous Region in 2024 (230 billion yuan), making it the largest single hydropower project in my country in terms of investment scale. The funding sources adopt a diversified financing model, specifically including:

National special fiscal funds: accounting for 30% of the total investment, mainly used for public welfare areas such as ecological protection, resettlement of displaced residents, and scientific research;

State-owned capital investment: China Energy Investment Corporation, China Huaneng Group, and Tibet Development and Investment Group jointly invest 40% to establish “Yarlung Tsangpo Hydropower Development Co., Ltd.” as the project legal entity;

Social capital participation: Through the PPP model, companies such as China Resources Group and Yangtze Power are introduced, investing 20%, mainly participating in market-oriented aspects such as power station operation and transmission line maintenance;

Policy-based financial support: The China Development Bank and the Agricultural Development Bank of China provide long-term low-interest loans, with interest rates 15 basis points lower than the LPR for the same period, and loan terms of up to 40 years to match the project construction cycle.

From an investment benefit perspective, the project will generate approximately 300 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity annually after completion. Based on the current average industrial electricity price of 0.6 yuan per kilowatt-hour, annual electricity sales revenue could reach 180 billion yuan, with an investment payback period of approximately 12 years (including the construction period). It possesses both economic and social benefits.

II. Significance of Construction: Multidimensional Value from Energy Security to Global Governance The construction of the Yarlung Tsangpo River Hydropower Station is not simply an “energy development project,” but a “strategic project” concerning the long-term development of the country. Its significance spans five dimensions: energy, ecology, economy, society, and international relations, forming a comprehensive value system of “one project, multiple benefits.”

(I) Energy Security: Solving the Structural Problem of “Abundant Coal, Poor Oil, and Limited Gas” my country’s energy resource endowment is characterized by “abundant coal, poor oil, and limited gas.” In 2024, coal still accounted for 56.8% of the country’s total energy consumption, while the dependence on imported oil and natural gas was 72.3% and 45.6%, respectively. Energy security faces the dual pressures of “supply-side fluctuations” and “demand-side growth.”

The completion of the Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower station will strengthen national energy security in three aspects:

Replacing fossil fuels and reducing dependence on foreign energy: An average of 300 billion kilowatt-hours of clean electricity annually can replace approximately 90 million tons of standard coal (equivalent to 18% of my country’s coal imports in 2024), reduce oil consumption by 30 million tons (equivalent to 6% of my country’s oil imports in 2024), and save the country approximately US$30 billion in foreign exchange expenditure annually (calculated based on the average international energy price in 2025);

Optimizing the energy structure and enhancing grid resilience: my country’s eastern regions have long relied on thermal power (such as coal-fired power in Shanxi and Inner Mongolia) for power supply through the “West-to-East Power Transmission” project. However, thermal power is significantly affected by fluctuations in coal prices and environmental policy restrictions. The addition of hydropower from the Yarlung Tsangpo River will increase the proportion of clean energy in the “West-to-East Power Transmission” corridor from the current 45% to 68%, significantly enhancing the grid’s resilience. During the summer of 2024, when drought in the Yangtze River basin led to insufficient hydropower output, the East China Power Grid experienced power rationing. However, the stable water volume in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River (with an annual variation rate of only 8%) ensured power supply even under extreme weather conditions.

Supporting the construction of new power systems: With the large-scale development of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics, the grid’s demand for “stable and regulated power sources” is increasingly urgent. The Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower station’s total reservoir capacity of 16 billion cubic meters (Milin Hydropower Station) can achieve “complete annual regulation,” equivalent to installing a “giant power bank” in the grid—during the dry season, it can increase output to 90% of rated capacity, smoothing out fluctuations in wind and photovoltaic output; during the wet season, it can store excess water, avoiding water and electricity waste and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the entire industry chain.

(II) The “Dual Carbon” Goal: A Key Step Towards Carbon Neutrality by 2060

Achieving “carbon peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060” is a solemn commitment my country has made to the world. According to the *China Carbon Neutrality and Development Report (2025)*, my country’s power industry accounts for 42% of the country’s total carbon emissions, making it the “main battlefield” for carbon neutrality. Hydropower, as the most technologically mature and lowest-cost clean energy source, will play a crucial role in emission reduction.

The Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower station’s contribution to the “dual carbon” goal is mainly reflected in:

Direct emission reduction effect: Hydropower generation is zero-carbon emission, and an average annual output of 300 billion kWh of electricity can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 240 million tons (calculated based on the average carbon emission coefficient of 800 grams/kWh for thermal power), accounting for 2.2% of my country’s carbon emissions in 2024 (11 billion tons). This emission reduction is equivalent to planting 6.6 billion trees (each tree absorbs an average of 36.5 kg of carbon dioxide annually), or reducing the annual emissions of 50 million gasoline-powered vehicles (each vehicle emits an average of 4.8 tons of carbon dioxide annually).

Indirect emission reduction effects: The project will drive the green transformation of upstream and downstream industries—for example, the use of new environmentally friendly conductors in ultra-high-voltage lines can reduce line losses by 15%; the addition of industrial waste to the concrete used in hydropower station construction can reduce cement usage by 20%, reducing carbon emissions by 5 million tons annually.

Demonstration and leading effect: As one of the world’s largest clean energy projects, the Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower station will provide a “clean energy development model” for developing countries. For example, the “intelligent construction technology for deep-buried tunnels” and “high-altitude ecological protection technology” adopted in the project can be replicated and applied to hydropower projects in countries surrounding the Himalayas, promoting the global energy transition process.

(III) Regional Development: Activating the “Growth Engine” of Southeast Tibet’s Economy The Tibet Autonomous Region is a relatively underdeveloped region in my country, with a per capita GDP in 2024 only 45% of the national average. Southeast Tibet (including Nyingchi and Medog) faces numerous constraints on economic development due to inconvenient transportation and a single-industry structure. The construction of the Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower station will promote the revitalization of Southeast Tibet’s economy from three aspects: infrastructure, industrial development, and improvement of people’s livelihoods.

1. Leapfrog Upgrade of Infrastructure

To ensure the smooth progress of the project, Tibet will construct a comprehensive transportation network integrating land, water, and air:

Roads: The “Nyingchi-Medog” highway (346 km long) will be upgraded and expanded, transforming the original gravel road into a Class II highway, reducing travel time from 12 hours to 4 hours; a new “Pai Town-Beibeng” tourist highway (85 km long) will be built, connecting the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon scenic area;

Railways: The “Sichuan-Tibet Railway Branch Line – Nyingchi-Medog Railway” (180 km long) is planned and constructed, expected to open to traffic in 2030. At that time, Medog County will end its history of being “without railway access,” and freight transportation costs will be reduced by 60%;

Waterways: The lower reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River (Pai Town to Xirang section, 150 km long) will be dredged, allowing 500-ton vessels to navigate, opening up the “Tibet-Northeast India” link. Waterway transportation (long-term plan);

Energy infrastructure: In addition to ultra-high voltage lines, Tibet’s first pumped-storage power station (Milin Pumped Storage Power Station, 1.2 million kilowatts installed capacity) will be built, operating in conjunction with the Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower project to improve the stability of the Tibetan power grid.

2. Industrial development: From “blood transfusion” to “blood generation”

The project construction will drive the formation of three major industrial clusters in southeastern Tibet:

Clean energy industrial cluster: Focusing on the construction of the hydropower station, industries such as turbine generator maintenance, ultra-high voltage equipment manufacturing, and energy storage technology research and development will be developed. It is expected to attract more than 20 related enterprises to settle in the Linzhi Economic Development Zone, forming an industrial scale with an annual output value of 50 billion yuan;

Tourism industrial cluster: Tourism resources such as the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon and the Medog Secret Realm will be upgraded with the help of improved transportation.

Original of above

雅鲁藏布江水电站

雅鲁藏布江水电站：世纪工程的战略价值与全面解读

序言：一项工程背后的国家意志

2025年7月19日，西藏林芝市米林县的雅鲁藏布江河谷上空，稀薄却澄澈的云层飘浮着。当中共中央政治局常委、国务院总理李强宣布“雅鲁藏布江下游水电工程正式开工”时，河谷中响起的掌声与江水流淌声交织，成为中国能源发展史上的重要回响。这座规划装机规模达6000万千瓦、总投资超1.2万亿元的超级工程，不仅是全球海拔最高、技术难度最大的水电项目之一，更承载着国家能源安全、区域协调发展、“双碳”目标实现等多重战略使命。

从地理维度看，雅鲁藏布江下游河段的“大拐弯”区域，是大自然赋予中国的“水能宝库”。仅该河段就集中了雅鲁藏布江全流域80%以上的水能资源，单站装机潜力堪比3个三峡水电站。从战略维度看，它是破解我国“能源分布不均”难题的关键棋子，是推动西部边疆振兴的“引擎”，更是中国向世界展示清洁能源开发实力的“名片”。本文将从工程基础信息、建设深层意义、国家战略衔接、技术创新突破、生态保护实践、社会经济影响等六大维度，全面解读这项“世纪工程”的价值与内涵。

一、工程基础信息：数据背后的 “超级工程”

（一）工程背景：得天独厚的水能禀赋

雅鲁藏布江发源于喜马拉雅山北麓的杰马央宗冰川，自西向东横贯西藏南部，在墨脱县境内形成举世闻名的“雅鲁藏布江大拐弯”。此处江面从海拔2900米骤降至155米，短短200公里河段落差达2745米，水流速度极快，水能密度全球罕见。

根据《中国水力资源复查成果》（2021 年版）数据，雅鲁藏布江全流域水能理论蕴藏量达 1.13 亿千瓦，技术可开发量约 6600 万千瓦，其中下游 “大拐弯” 至出境段的技术可开发量占全流域的 72%，是我国乃至亚洲仅剩的 “未大规模开发的水能富矿”。与国内其他大型水电基地相比，雅鲁藏布江水电具有三大独特优势：

落差集中：下游河段平均落差达 13.7 米 / 公里，远超长江三峡（0.18 米 / 公里）、金沙江白鹤滩（2.5 米 / 公里），可通过 “截弯取直” 实现高效发电；

水量稳定：受印度洋暖湿气流影响，下游河段年径流量达 600 亿立方米（相当于 3 条黄河的年径流量），且季节分配均匀，枯水期水量仍能满足发电需求；

海拔优势：电站位于青藏高原东南部，距离我国东部负荷中心（长三角、珠三角）直线距离约 2000-3000 公里，可通过特高压输电线路实现 “西电东送”，弥补东部地区清洁能源缺口。

（二）规划设计：科学布局的 “梯级开发”

雅鲁藏布江下游水电工程由5座梯级电站组成“水电集群”，分别为米林电站、派镇电站、墨脱电站、背崩电站、希让电站，各电站功能互补、协同运行，形成“年调节 + 日调节 + 径流式”的立体开发模式。

1. 核心电站技术参数

电站名称
坝址位置
坝高（米）
装机容量（万千瓦）
总库容（亿立方米）
调节能力
年均发电量（亿度）
米林电站
米林县米林村
150
400
160
完全年调节
180
派镇电站
林芝市派镇
20
800
5.2
日调节
380
墨脱电站
墨脱县德兴乡
315
3600
420
不完全年调节
1900
背崩电站
墨脱县背崩乡
75
600
8.5
日调节
280
希让电站
墨脱县希让村
45
600
3.8
径流式
260
其中，墨脱电站是整个工程的 “核心枢纽”—— 坝高 315 米，相当于 105 层高楼，将成为全球最高的混凝土重力坝；装机容量 3600 万千瓦，超过三峡电站（2250 万千瓦）60%，建成后将成为全球装机规模最大的水电站；其水库可拦截雅鲁藏布江下游 70% 的水量，通过 17 条总长超 200 公里的深埋隧洞（最大埋深 2500 米）实现 “截弯取直”，引水落差达 2300 米，发电效率远超传统水电站。

2. 输电网络规划

为实现 “发得出、送得走、用得上”，工程配套建设了 4 条 ±1100 千伏特高压直流输电线路，总输电容量达 6000 万千瓦，分别连接：

1、华东通道：墨脱→贵州→浙江（落点杭州），满足长三角地区用电需求；

2、华南通道：墨脱→云南→广东（落点广州），补充珠三角负荷中心；

3、华中通道：米林→四川→湖南（落点长沙），支撑中部崛起战略；

4、西藏本地通道：派镇→拉萨→日喀则，保障西藏自治区内用电增长。

特高压线路采用 “高原抗寒、防覆冰、防雷击” 设计，可在 – 30℃低温、12 级大风环境下稳定运行，输电损耗控制在 5% 以内，达到国际领先水平。

（三）开工与建设进度

2025 年 7 月 19 日的开工仪式，标志着工程进入 “全面建设期”。根据《雅鲁藏布江下游水电工程建设规划纲要》，工程分三阶段推进：

前期准备阶段（2025-2026 年）：完成坝址征地拆迁、施工道路修建、材料储备基地建设，同时开展墨脱电站主体隧洞开挖试验段工程，验证深埋隧洞施工技术；

主体建设阶段（2027-2035 年）：优先建设墨脱电站、米林电站，同步推进特高压输电线路建设，2032 年实现墨脱电站首台机组发电，2035 年 5 座电站全部建成；

运营调试阶段（2036-2037 年）：完成全流域梯级联合调度系统调试，实现 “水光互补”（与西藏光伏电站协同运行），全面发挥工程综合效益。

截至 2025 年 8 月，米林电站施工营地已建成投用，可容纳 5000 名建设者；墨脱电站进场公路（派镇至德兴段）改扩建工程完成 80%，预计 2026 年 3 月通车；国内首台适用于 3000 米海拔的 70 万千瓦水轮发电机组已在哈尔滨电机厂启动研制。

（四）投资规模与资金保障

工程总投资约 1.2 万亿元，相当于西藏自治区 2024 年 GDP（2300 亿元）的 5.2 倍，是我国单个水电项目投资规模最大的工程。资金来源采用 “多元化融资模式”，具体包括：

国家财政专项资金：占总投资的 30%，主要用于生态保护、移民安置、科研攻关等公益性领域；

国有资本投资：国家能源集团、中国华能集团、西藏开发投资集团共同出资 40%，组建 “雅鲁藏布江水电开发有限公司” 作为项目法人；

社会资本参与：通过 PPP 模式引入华润集团、长江电力等企业，出资 20%，主要参与电站运营、输电线路维护等市场化环节；

Policy-based financial support: The China Development Bank and the Agricultural Development Bank of China provide long-term, low-interest loans with interest rates 15 basis points lower than the corresponding LPR (Loan Prime Rate), and loan terms of up to 40 years, matching the project’s construction cycle.

政策性金融支持：国家开发银行、中国农业发展银行提供长期低息贷款，利率较同期 LPR 下调 15 个基点，贷款期限长达 40 年，匹配工程建设周期。

从投资效益看，工程建成后年均发电量约 3000 亿度，按当前工业用电均价 0.6 元 / 度计算，年售电收入可达 1800 亿元，投资回收期约 12 年（含建设期），兼具经济效益与社会效益。

II. Significance of the Project: Multidimensional Value from Energy Security to Global Governance The construction of the Yarlung Tsangpo River Hydropower Station is not merely an “energy development project,” but a “strategic project” concerning the long-term development of the country. Its significance spans five dimensions: energy, ecology, economy, society, and international relations, forming a comprehensive value system of “one project, multiple benefits.”

(I) Energy Security: Solving the Structural Problem of “Rich in Coal, Poor in Oil, and Scarce in Gas” my country’s energy resource endowment is characterized by “rich in coal, poor in oil, and scarce in gas.” In 2024, coal still accounted for 56.8% of the country’s total energy consumption, while the dependence on foreign oil and natural gas was 72.3% and 45.6%, respectively. Energy security faces the dual pressures of “supply-side fluctuations” and “demand-side growth.”

The completion of the Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower station will strengthen national energy security in three aspects: First, it will replace fossil fuels and reduce dependence on foreign energy: An average of 300 billion kilowatt-hours of clean electricity annually can replace approximately 90 million tons of standard coal (equivalent to 18% of my country’s coal imports in 2024), reduce oil consumption by 30 million tons (equivalent to 6% of my country’s oil imports in 2024), and save the country approximately US$30 billion in foreign exchange expenditure annually (based on the average international energy price in 2025). Second, it will optimize the energy structure and enhance grid resilience: my country’s eastern regions have long relied on thermal power (such as coal-fired power in Shanxi and Inner Mongolia) for power supply through the “West-to-East Power Transmission” project. However, thermal power is significantly affected by fluctuations in coal prices and environmental policy restrictions. The addition of hydropower from the Yarlung Tsangpo River will increase the proportion of clean energy in the “West-to-East Power Transmission” corridor from the current 45% to 68%, significantly enhancing the grid’s resilience. During the summer of 2024, when drought in the Yangtze River basin led to insufficient hydropower output, the East China Power Grid experienced power rationing, while the downstream water volume of the Yarlung Tsangpo River remained stable (with an annual variation rate of only 8%), ensuring power supply even under extreme weather conditions. Supporting the construction of new power systems: With the large-scale development of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics, the grid’s demand for “stable and regulated power sources” is increasingly urgent. The Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower station’s total reservoir capacity of 16 billion cubic meters (Milin Hydropower Station) can achieve “complete annual regulation,” equivalent to installing a “giant power bank” in the grid—during the dry season, it can increase output to 90% of rated capacity, smoothing out fluctuations in wind and photovoltaic output; during the wet season, it can store excess water, avoiding water and electricity waste and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the entire industry chain.

(II) The “Dual Carbon” Goal: A Key Step Towards Carbon Neutrality by 2060

Achieving “peak carbon emissions before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060” is a solemn commitment my country has made to the world. According to the “China Carbon Neutrality and Development Report (2025),” my country’s power industry accounts for 42% of the country’s total carbon emissions, making it the “main battlefield” for carbon neutrality. Hydropower, as the most technologically mature and lowest-cost clean energy source, will play a crucial role in emission reduction.

The Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower station’s contribution to the “dual carbon” goal is mainly reflected in:

Direct emission reduction effect: Zero carbon emissions during hydropower generation; an average annual output of 300 billion kWh of electricity can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 240 million tons (calculated based on the average carbon emission coefficient of 800 grams/kWh for thermal power), accounting for 2.2% of my country’s carbon emissions in 2024 (11 billion tons). This emission reduction is equivalent to planting 6.6 billion trees (each tree absorbs an average of 36.5 kg of carbon dioxide annually), or reducing the annual emissions of 50 million gasoline-powered vehicles (each vehicle emits an average of 4.8 tons of carbon dioxide annually).

(III) Regional Development: Activating the “Growth Engine” of Southeast Tibet’s Economy The Tibet Autonomous Region is a relatively underdeveloped region in my country, with its per capita GDP in 2024 only 45% of the national average. Southeast Tibet (including Nyingchi and Medog) faces numerous constraints on economic development due to inconvenient transportation and a single-industry structure. The construction of the Yarlung Tsangpo River Hydropower Station will promote the revitalization of Southeast Tibet’s economy from three aspects: infrastructure, industrial development, and improvement of people’s livelihoods. 1. Leapfrog Upgrade of Infrastructure

To ensure the smooth progress of the project, Tibet will construct a comprehensive transportation network integrating land, water, and air:

Waterways: The lower reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River (Pai Town to Xirang section, 150 km long) will be dredged, allowing 500-ton vessels to navigate, opening up a route between Tibet and Northeast India. 1. Waterway Transportation (Long-Term Plan);

2. Energy Infrastructure: In addition to ultra-high voltage power lines, Tibet’s first pumped-storage power station (Milin Pumped Storage Power Station, 1.2 million kilowatts installed capacity) will be built, operating in conjunction with the Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower project to improve the stability of the Tibetan power grid.

3. Industrial Development: From “Blood Transfusion” to “Blood Generation”

The project will drive the formation of three major industrial clusters in southeastern Tibet:

Clean Energy Industrial Cluster: Focusing on the construction of the hydropower station, industries such as turbine generator maintenance, ultra-high voltage equipment manufacturing, and energy storage technology research and development will be developed. It is expected to attract more than 20 related enterprises to settle in the Linzhi Economic Development Zone, forming an industrial scale with an annual output value of 50 billion yuan;

Tourism Industrial Cluster: Tourism resources such as the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon and the Medog Secret Realm will be upgraded through improved transportation. The plan includes the construction of a “Hydropower-themed tourist area” (including a hydropower station viewing platform, a science museum, and experiential rafting), which is expected to increase the annual number of tourists visiting southeastern Tibet from 8 million in 2024 to 30 million by 2035, with tourism revenue exceeding 20 billion yuan. Specialized agricultural clusters will utilize irrigation water resources from hydropower station reservoirs to develop plateau-specific agriculture—for example, establishing 100,000 mu of high-standard tea gardens in Milin County and promoting the cultivation of tropical fruits (such as lemons and jackfruit) in Medog County, selling them nationwide through e-commerce and cold chain logistics, which is expected to increase the average annual income of local farmers by 20,000 yuan.

3. Improved Livelihoods: Enabling Border Residents to Share the Fruits of Development

The project will directly or indirectly create jobs:

Direct Employment: An average of 50,000 jobs will be created annually during the construction period, with at least 60% being local Tibetan laborers. These jobs will primarily involve construction and logistical support, with monthly salaries reaching 6,000-8,000 yuan (far exceeding the average wage in Tibet).

Indirect Employment: The project will stimulate the development of service industries such as catering, accommodation, and transportation, creating an estimated 100,000 indirect jobs. For example, the planned “Hydropower Workers’ Community” in Bayi Town, Nyingchi City, will include schools, hospitals, and shopping malls, accommodating 30,000 residents.

Education and Healthcare Improvement: The national treasury will invest 5 billion yuan to build 10 new primary and secondary schools and 5 county-level hospitals in Nyingchi and Medog, introducing high-quality educational and medical resources from inland areas for “counterpart support.” For example, Shanghai will assist in upgrading the Medog County People’s Hospital to a tertiary hospital, addressing the local residents’ difficulty in accessing medical care.

(IV) Ecological Protection: A Model of Practicing the Concept that “Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets” The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an important ecological security barrier for my country, and the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin is one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots, home to rare species such as Tibetan antelope, Bengal tiger, and yew. The project construction has consistently adhered to the principle of “ecological priority and protection priority,” incorporating ecological protection investment into the total investment (accounting for 8%, approximately 96 billion yuan), implementing “six major ecological protection projects,” and achieving “coordinated development and protection.”

Original of above:

二、建设意义：从能源安全到全球治理的多维价值

雅鲁藏布江水电站的建设，并非单纯的 “能源开发项目”，而是关乎国家长远发展的 “战略工程”，其意义贯穿能源、生态、经济、社会、国际五个维度，形成 “一工程多效益” 的综合价值体系。

（一）能源安全：破解 “富煤贫油少气” 的结构性难题

我国能源资源禀赋呈现 “富煤、贫油、少气” 的特点，2024 年全国能源消费总量中，煤炭占比仍达 56.8%，石油、天然气对外依存度分别为 72.3%、45.6%，能源安全面临 “供应端波动” 与 “需求端增长” 的双重压力。

雅鲁藏布江水电站的建成，将从三方面强化国家能源安全：

替代化石能源，降低对外依存度：年均 3000 亿度清洁电力，可替代标准煤约 9000 万吨（相当于我国 2024 年煤炭进口量的 18%），减少石油消耗 3000 万吨（相当于我国 2024 年石油进口量的 6%），每年为国家节省外汇支出约 300 亿美元（按 2025 年国际能源均价计算）；

优化能源结构，提升电网韧性：我国东部地区电力供应长期依赖 “西电东送” 的火电（如山西、内蒙古的煤电），但火电受煤炭价格波动、环保政策限制影响较大。雅鲁藏布江水电的加入，将使 “西电东送” 通道中清洁能源占比从当前的 45% 提升至 68%，电网抗风险能力显著增强 ——2024 年夏季长江流域干旱导致水电出力不足时，华东电网曾出现 “拉闸限电”，而雅鲁藏布江下游水量稳定（年际变化率仅 8%），可在极端天气下保障电力供应；

支撑新型电力系统建设：随着风电、光伏等间歇性可再生能源的大规模发展，电网对 “稳定调节电源” 的需求日益迫切。雅鲁藏布江水电站的 160 亿立方米总库容（米林电站）可实现 “完全年调节”，相当于在电网中安装了 “巨型充电宝”—— 枯水期可增加出力至额定容量的 90%，平抑风电、光伏的出力波动；丰水期可储存多余水量，避免弃水弃电，提升全产业链能源利用效率。

（二）“双碳” 目标：助力 2060 年碳中和的 “关键一步”

实现 “2030 年前碳达峰、2060 年前碳中和” 是我国向世界作出的庄严承诺。根据《中国碳中和发展报告（2025）》，我国电力行业碳排放占全国总碳排放的 42%，是碳中和的 “主战场”，而水电作为技术最成熟、成本最低的清洁能源，将在减排中发挥 “压舱石” 作用。

雅鲁藏布江水电站对 “双碳” 目标的贡献主要体现在：

直接减排效应：水电发电过程零碳排放，年均 3000 亿度电力可减少二氧化碳排放 2.4 亿吨（按火电平均碳排放系数 800 克 / 度计算），占我国 2024 年碳排放量（110 亿吨）的 2.2%。这一减排量相当于种植 66 亿棵树（每棵树年均吸收二氧化碳 36.5 公斤），或减少 5000 万辆燃油车的年排放量（每辆车年均碳排放 4.8 吨）；

间接减排效应：工程建设将带动上下游产业绿色转型 —— 例如，特高压线路采用新型环保导线，可减少线路损耗 15%；水电站建设中使用的混凝土掺加工业废渣，可降低水泥用量 20%，每年减少碳排放 500 万吨；

示范引领效应：作为全球最大的清洁能源项目之一，雅鲁藏布江水电站的建设将为发展中国家提供 “清洁能源开发范本”。例如，工程采用的 “深埋隧洞智能化施工技术”“高海拔生态保护技术” 等，可复制应用于喜马拉雅山脉周边国家的水电项目，推动全球能源转型进程。

（三）区域发展：激活藏东南经济的 “增长引擎”

西藏自治区是我国经济发展相对滞后的地区，2024 年人均 GDP 仅为全国平均水平的 45%，其中藏东南（林芝、墨脱等地）因交通不便、产业单一，经济发展面临诸多制约。雅鲁藏布江水电站的建设，将从 “基础设施、产业培育、民生改善” 三个层面推动藏东南经济振兴。

1. 基础设施跨越式升级

为保障工程建设，西藏将构建 “水陆空” 立体交通网络：

公路：改扩建 “林芝 – 墨脱” 公路（全长 346 公里），将原来的砂石路升级为二级公路，行车时间从 12 小时缩短至 4 小时；新建 “派镇 – 背崩” 旅游公路（全长 85 公里），串联雅鲁藏布大峡谷景区；

铁路：规划建设 “川藏铁路支线 —— 林芝至墨脱铁路”（全长 180 公里），预计 2030 年通车，届时墨脱县将结束 “不通铁路” 的历史，货物运输成本降低 60%；

水运：整治雅鲁藏布江下游航道（派镇至希让段，全长 150 公里），可通航 500 吨级船舶，打通 “西藏 – 印度东北部” 的水运通道（远期规划）；

能源基础设施：除特高压线路外，还将建设西藏首个 “抽水蓄能电站”（米林抽水蓄能电站，装机 120 万千瓦），与雅鲁藏布江水电协同运行，提升西藏电网稳定性。

2. Industrial cultivation: transformation from “blood transfusion” to “blood production”

Project construction will drive the formation of “three major industrial clusters” in southeastern Tibet:

Clean energy industry cluster: Focusing on the construction of hydropower stations, the development of hydroelectric generator maintenance, UHV equipment manufacturing, energy storage technology research and development and other industries is expected to attract more than 20 related companies to settle in Linzhi Economic Development Zone, forming an industrial scale with an annual output value of 50 billion yuan;

Tourism industry cluster: Tourism resources such as the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon and the Medog Secret Land will be “upgraded” with the help of transportation improvements. Planning and construction of a “hydropower themed tourist area” (including hydropower station viewing platform, science museum, experiential rafting, etc.), it is expected that the annual number of tourists in southeastern Tibet will increase from 8 million in 2024 to 30 million in 2035, and tourism revenue will exceed 20 billion yuan;

Characteristic agricultural clusters: Utilize the irrigation water resources of hydropower station reservoirs to develop plateau characteristic agriculture – for example, build 100,000 acres of high-standard tea gardens in Milin County, promote the cultivation of tropical fruits (such as lemons and jackfruits) in Medog County, and sell them nationwide through “e-commerce + cold chain logistics”. It is expected to increase the average annual income of local farmers by 20,000 yuan.

Original of above

2. 产业培育：从 “输血” 到 “造血” 的转型

工程建设将带动藏东南形成 “三大产业集群”：

清洁能源产业集群：围绕水电站建设，发展水轮发电机组维修、特高压设备制造、储能技术研发等产业，预计可吸引 20 余家相关企业入驻林芝经济开发区，形成年产值 500 亿元的产业规模；

旅游产业集群：雅鲁藏布大峡谷、墨脱秘境等旅游资源将借助交通改善实现 “提档升级”。规划建设 “水电主题旅游区”（含水电站观景平台、科普馆、体验式漂流等），预计 2035 年藏东南年接待游客量将从 2024 年的 800 万人次增至 3000 万人次，旅游收入突破 200 亿元；

特色农业集群：利用水电站水库的灌溉水资源，发展高原特色农业 —— 例如，在米林县建设 10 万亩高标准茶园，在墨脱县推广热带水果种植（如柠檬、菠萝蜜），通过 “电商 + 冷链物流” 销往全国，预计带动当地农户年均增收 2 万元。

3. 民生改善：让边疆群众共享发展成果

工程建设将直接或间接创造就业岗位：

直接就业：建设期年均吸纳就业 5 万人，其中西藏本地劳动力占比不低于 60%，主要从事工程建设、后勤保障等工作，月薪可达 6000-8000 元（远超西藏当地平均工资水平）；

间接就业：带动餐饮、住宿、运输等服务业发展，预计创造间接就业岗位 10 万个，例如，林芝市八一镇规划建设 “水电工人社区”，配套建设学校、医院、商场等设施，可容纳 3 万人居住；

教育与医疗提升：国家财政将投入 50 亿元，在林芝、墨脱等地新建 10 所中小学、5 所县级医院，引入内地优质教育、医疗资源开展 “对口支援”，例如，上海市将帮扶墨脱县人民医院升级为三级医院，解决当地群众 “看病难” 问题。

（四）生态保护：践行 “绿水青山就是金山银山” 的典范

青藏高原是我国重要的生态安全屏障，雅鲁藏布江流域是全球生物多样性热点地区之一，拥有藏羚羊、孟加拉虎、红豆杉等珍稀物种。工程建设始终坚持 “生态优先、保护优先” 原则，将生态保护投入纳入总投资（占比达 8%，约 960 亿元），实施 “六大生态保护工程”，实现 “开发与保护协同推进”。

1. Biodiversity Conservation Project

Fish Conservation: Eight endemic fish species (such as the Medog schizothorax and the Yarlung Tsangpo rainbowfish) are distributed in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River. The project will construct “fish migration channels” (each channel will be 15 meters wide and 500 meters long, designed to mimic natural flow patterns). A “fish stocking station” will also be established in the Milin Hydropower Station reservoir area, releasing 1 million fish fry annually to ensure stable fish populations.

Terrestrial Animal Conservation: To avoid disrupting animal migration due to highway and railway construction, 20 “animal passages” (at least 5 meters high and 20 meters wide) will be constructed along the “Nyingchi-Medog” highway. “Anti-animal fences” and “warning lights” will be installed along the railway line. A “Bengal tiger monitoring station” will also be established to track population dynamics in real time.

Plant Conservation: For rare plants (such as yew and tree ferns) within the project area, a “transplantation protection” method will be adopted—a “rare plant nursery” will be established in Medog County to transplant plants. Over 5,000 trees were planted, with a survival rate exceeding 90%. Simultaneously, research on artificial propagation techniques was conducted to expand the population.

2. Soil and Water Conservation and Geological Disaster Prevention Engineering

Slope Treatment: For slopes in areas such as the hydropower station dam site and tunnel entrances/exits, a comprehensive protection measure of “anchor bolt support + shotcrete + vegetation cover” was adopted to prevent soil erosion, achieving a slope greening rate of over 95%.

Geological Monitoring: 100 “geological disaster monitoring points” were established in the Yarlung Tsangpo River Great Bend area. Satellite remote sensing, drone inspections, and ground sensors were used to monitor potential landslides, debris flows, and other hazards in real time, achieving a 98% accuracy rate in early warning.

Soil and Water Conservation: All waste generated during project construction (approximately 20 million cubic meters) will be used for “waste disposal site reclamation,” planting native tree species (such as alpine pine and spruce), achieving a 100% reclamation rate. Simultaneously, 100,000 mu of “ecological protection forest” will be established around the reservoir area to enhance soil and water conservation capabilities. 3. Water Resources Protection Project

Water Quality Monitoring: Twenty water quality monitoring stations will be set up in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River. Monitoring indicators will include pH value, dissolved oxygen, and heavy metal content to ensure that the reservoir water quality meets or exceeds Class II of the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard.

Ecological Flow Guarantee: The project will strictly implement the “ecological flow release” system—the release flow during the dry season will not be less than 30% of the multi-year average flow, and during the wet season, not less than 20%, to ensure the ecological water demand of the downstream river channel and prevent river flow interruption.

Reservoir Ecological Scheduling: The Milin and Medog hydropower stations will adopt an “ecological scheduling model,” which will regulate reservoir water level fluctuations to simulate natural hydrological processes and promote the restoration of wetland ecosystems around the reservoir area (such as the growth of marsh vegetation and aquatic plants).

(V) International Impact: Enhancing China’s Voice in Global Energy Governance

The Yarlung Tsangpo River is an international river (its lower reaches flow through India and Bangladesh, where it is called the Brahmaputra River). Its hydropower development is not only related to China’s own development but also has a profound impact on neighboring countries. China has consistently adhered to the principles of “joint consultation, joint construction, and shared benefits,” fully considering the legitimate concerns of downstream countries during project construction and promoting mutually beneficial regional energy cooperation.

1. Ensuring Water Resource Security for Downstream Countries

Flood Control and Disaster Reduction: India and Bangladesh, located in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River, frequently suffer from floods during the annual rainy season (June-September). The Medog Hydropower Station reservoir (total capacity of 42 billion cubic meters) can intercept upstream floods, raising the downstream flood standard from “once in 10 years” to “once in 100 years,” reducing flood losses downstream by approximately US$5 billion annually.

Dry Season Water Supply: From December to February of the following year, the lower reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River enter the dry season, leading to water shortages for agricultural irrigation in northeastern India. The project will increase the downstream discharge by 100 cubic meters per second during the dry season through “reservoir scheduling,” meeting the downstream agricultural irrigation needs and benefiting 15 million farmers in Assam, India, and the Sylhet region of Bangladesh.

2. Promoting Regional Energy Cooperation

Cross-border Electricity Trade: China has initiated consultations with India and Bangladesh on the cross-border transmission of hydropower from the Yarlung Tsangpo River. The plan is to export electricity to both countries via ultra-high-voltage direct current (UHVDC) lines after 2035 (annual exports of approximately 50 billion kWh), alleviating their power shortages (India’s power deficit reached 120 billion kWh in 2024, and Bangladesh’s by 30 billion kWh).

Technological Cooperation: China will share its hydropower development technology with neighboring countries. For example, it will assist Nepal in constructing the Pokhara Hydropower Station (1.2 million kW installed capacity), providing technical consultation and equipment support to promote the development of clean energy in the region.

Contribution to Climate Change: The Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower station reduces carbon dioxide emissions by 240 million tons annually, accounting for 0.5% of global annual carbon emissions, making a significant contribution to global climate change governance and demonstrating China’s image as a “responsible major power.” III. Alignment with National Development Strategies: Deep Integration of the Project with National Top-Level Design

The construction of the Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower station is not an isolated project, but rather deeply integrated with my country’s “14th Five-Year Plan” and medium- and long-term development strategies (such as the “dual circulation” new development pattern, the new pattern of western development, technological self-reliance, and border revitalization), becoming an “important lever” for promoting the implementation of national strategies.

(I) Alignment with the “West-to-East Power Transmission” Upgrade Strategy: Optimizing the Allocation of National Power Resources

“West-to-East Power Transmission” is a major energy strategy launched by my country in the early 21st century, aiming to transform the abundant energy resources of the west into economic advantages and alleviate power shortages in the east. After more than 20 years of development, “West-to-East Power Transmission” has formed three major channels in the north, central, and south, but problems such as “low proportion of clean energy, insufficient transmission capacity, and weak regional coordination” still exist. The construction of the Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower station will promote the upgrading of the “West-to-East Power Transmission” strategy:

Increasing the proportion of clean energy in the transmission corridor: Currently, hydropower accounts for about 60% of the “West-to-East Power Transmission” southern corridor (Yunnan, Guizhou → Guangdong), but due to the monsoon climate, it relies on thermal power for supplementary power during the dry season. With the addition of the Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower, the proportion of clean energy in the southern corridor will increase to 80%, and with stable water volume, it can achieve “year-round clean energy power supply”;

Expanding the capacity of the transmission corridor: The four ±1100 kV ultra-high voltage lines being constructed will have a total transmission capacity of 60 million kilowatts, equivalent to adding another “West-to-East Power Transmission” southern corridor (currently, the total transmission capacity of the southern corridor is about 80 million kilowatts), which can meet 30% of the increase in electricity demand in East and South China by 2035;

Promoting a “unified national electricity market” Construction: The inter-regional power transmission of the Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower will promote the efficient matching of clean energy in the west with the electricity load in the east, and drive the market-oriented reform of electricity prices. For example, during the high-water season, hydropower can be supplied to the east at low prices through “inter-provincial and inter-regional transactions”, reducing the electricity costs of enterprises; during the dry season, the east can purchase hydropower through the “spot market” to ensure power supply and achieve “optimal allocation of national power resources”.

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1. 生物多样性保护工程

鱼类保护：雅鲁藏布江下游分布有 8 种特有鱼类（如墨脱裂腹鱼、雅鲁藏布江虹彩光唇鱼），工程将建设 “鱼类洄游通道”（每条通道宽 15 米、长 500 米，采用仿自然流态设计），同时在米林电站库区建立 “鱼类增殖放流站”，每年放流鱼苗 100 万尾，保障鱼类种群数量稳定；

陆生动物保护：为避免公路、铁路建设阻断动物迁徙，将在 “林芝 – 墨脱” 公路设置 20 处 “动物通道”（高度不低于 5 米，宽度不低于 20 米），在铁路沿线安装 “防兽栏”“警示灯”，同时建立 “孟加拉虎监测站”，实时跟踪种群动态；

植物保护：对工程占地范围内的珍稀植物（如红豆杉、桫椤），采用 “移植保护” 方式 —— 在墨脱县建立 “珍稀植物苗圃”，移植植株 5000 余株，成活率达 90% 以上，同时开展人工繁育技术研究，扩大种群规模。

2. 水土保持与地质灾害防治工程

边坡治理：水电站坝址、隧洞进出口等区域的边坡，采用 “锚杆支护 + 喷混凝土 + 植被覆盖” 的综合防护措施，防止水土流失，边坡绿化率达 95% 以上；

地质监测：在雅鲁藏布江大拐弯区域布设 100 个 “地质灾害监测点”，采用卫星遥感、无人机巡检、地面传感器等技术，实时监测滑坡、泥石流等灾害隐患，预警准确率达 98%；

水土保持：工程建设中产生的弃渣（约 2000 万立方米）将全部用于 “弃渣场复垦”，种植乡土树种（如高山松、云杉），复垦率达 100%，同时在库区周边营造 “生态防护林” 10 万亩，提升水土保持能力。

3. 水资源保护工程

水质监测：在雅鲁藏布江下游设置 20 个 “水质监测站”，监测指标包括 pH 值、溶解氧、重金属含量等，确保水库水质达到《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅱ 类以上；

生态流量保障：工程将严格执行 “生态流量下泄” 制度 —— 枯水期下泄流量不低于多年平均流量的 30%，丰水期不低于 20%，保障下游河道生态用水需求，避免河道断流；

水库生态调度：米林电站、墨脱电站将采用 “生态调度模式”，通过调节水库水位波动，模拟自然水文过程，促进库区周边湿地生态系统恢复（如沼泽植被、水生植物的生长）。

（五）国际影响：提升中国在全球能源治理中的话语权

雅鲁藏布江是一条国际河流（下游流经印度、孟加拉国，称为 “布拉马普特拉河”），其水电开发不仅关乎中国自身发展，也对周边国家产生深远影响。中国始终坚持 “共商共建共享” 原则，在工程建设中充分考虑下游国家的合理关切，推动 “互利共赢” 的区域能源合作。

1. 保障下游国家水资源安全

防洪减灾：雅鲁藏布江下游印度、孟加拉国每年雨季（6-9 月）常遭受洪水灾害，墨脱电站水库（总库容 420 亿立方米）可拦截上游洪水，将下游洪水标准从 “10 年一遇” 提升至 “100 年一遇”，每年可为下游减少洪水损失约 50 亿美元；

枯水期补水：每年 12 月至次年 2 月，雅鲁藏布江下游进入枯水期，印度东北部农业灌溉用水紧张。工程将通过 “水库调度”，在枯水期增加下泄流量 100 立方米 / 秒，满足下游农业灌溉需求，惠及印度阿萨姆邦、孟加拉国锡尔赫特地区的 1500 万农民。

2. 推动区域能源合作

跨境电力贸易：中国与印度、孟加拉国已就 “雅鲁藏布江水电跨境输电” 开展磋商，计划在 2035 年后通过 “特高压直流线路” 向两国出口电力（年均出口量约 500 亿度），缓解其电力短缺问题（印度 2024 年电力缺口达 1200 亿度，孟加拉国缺口达 300 亿度）；

技术合作：中国将向周边国家分享水电开发技术，例如，帮助尼泊尔建设 “博克拉水电站”（装机 120 万千瓦），提供技术咨询、设备支持，推动区域清洁能源开发能力提升；

气候治理贡献：雅鲁藏布江水电站每年减少的 2.4 亿吨二氧化碳排放，占全球年均碳排放量的 0.5%，为全球气候治理作出重要贡献，彰显中国 “负责任大国” 形象。

三、国家发展战略衔接：工程与国家顶层设计的深度融合

雅鲁藏布江水电站的建设，并非孤立的项目，而是与我国 “十四五” 规划及中长期发展战略（如 “双循环” 新发展格局、西部大开发新格局、科技自立自强、边疆振兴等）深度衔接，成为推动国家战略落地的 “重要抓手”。

（一）对接 “西电东送” 升级战略：优化全国电力资源配置

“西电东送” 是我国 21 世纪初启动的重大能源战略，旨在将西部丰富的能源资源转化为经济优势，缓解东部地区电力短缺。经过 20 余年发展，“西电东送” 已形成 “北、中、南” 三大通道，但仍存在 “清洁能源占比低、输电能力不足、区域协同弱” 等问题。

雅鲁藏布江水电站的建设，将推动 “西电东送” 战略升级：

提升通道清洁能源占比：当前 “西电东送” 南通道（云南、贵州→广东）中，水电占比约 60%，但受季风气候影响，枯水期需依赖火电补能；雅鲁藏布江水电加入后，南通道清洁能源占比将提升至 80%，且水量稳定，可实现 “全年清洁能源供电”；

扩容输电通道能力：配套建设的 4 条 ±1100 千伏特高压线路，总输电容量达 6000 万千瓦，相当于新增一条 “西电东送” 南通道（当前南通道总输电容量约 8000 万千瓦），可满足华东、华南地区 2035 年电力需求增量的 30%；

推动 “全国统一电力市场” 建设：雅鲁藏布江水电的跨区域输电，将促进西部清洁能源与东部用电负荷的高效匹配，推动电价市场化改革 —— 例如，在丰水期，水电可通过 “跨省跨区交易” 向东部低价供电，降低企业用电成本；在枯水期，东部可通过 “现货市场” 购买水电，保障电力供应，实现 “全国电力资源优化配置”。

(II) Supporting the Strategy of “Self-Reliance and Self-Strengthening in Science and Technology”:

Breaking Through a Number of “Bottleneck” Technologies The construction of the Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower station faced world-class challenges such as “high altitude, deep burial depth, high seismic intensity, and extremely low temperatures.” The construction process was also a “process of scientific and technological innovation.” The state listed the project as a “major national science and technology infrastructure,” investing 15 billion yuan in scientific research to break through a number of “bottleneck” technologies, thus promoting the transformation of my country’s hydropower technology from “following” to “leading.”

1. Breakthroughs in High-Altitude Hydropower Engineering Technology Deep-buried tunnel construction technology: The Medog Hydropower Station requires the construction of 17 deep-buried tunnels, with a maximum burial depth of 2,500 meters. The temperature inside the tunnels reaches 60℃, and the water pressure reaches 25 MPa (equivalent to 250 atmospheres). Traditional construction techniques cannot meet these requirements. The research team developed an “intelligent TBM (full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine),” equipped with a “high-temperature cooling system” and a “rockburst early warning system,” achieving a tunneling speed of 500 meters per month, three times that of the traditional drill-and-blast method, with a zero construction safety accident rate.

2. High Dam Construction Technology: The Motuo Hydropower Station dam is 315 meters high, with its foundation located in a seismic intensity IX zone (one of the most seismically active areas globally), requiring it to withstand multiple pressures including seismic loads and water flow impacts. The research team developed “ultra-high-strength concrete” (compressive strength up to 100 MPa), employing “segmented pouring + temperature-controlled crack prevention technology,” solving the problems of crack resistance and seismic resistance in high dams. The overall safety factor of the dam reaches 1.8, far exceeding the international standard (1.5).

High-Altitude Equipment Development: Ordinary hydro-turbine generator units at an altitude of 3000 meters experience reduced heat dissipation efficiency due to the thin air, resulting in a 15% decrease in output. Harbin Electric Machinery Plant has developed a “high-altitude hydro-turbine generator set” that employs a “high-efficiency heat dissipation system” and “low-temperature resistant insulation materials.” It can operate at full load at an altitude of 3000 meters, achieving a power generation efficiency of 96.5%, setting a new global record.

2. Intelligent Construction and Operation Technologies

BIM+GIS Digital Modeling: The project utilizes Building Information Modeling (BIM) + Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to construct a “digital twin hydropower station,” achieving digital management throughout the entire lifecycle from design and construction to operation. For example, during the construction phase, the BIM model simulates the concrete pouring process, optimizing construction plans and reducing concrete usage by 10%. During the operation phase, the digital twin system monitors dam deformation and unit operating status in real time, achieving a 99% accuracy rate in early warning.

Drone Inspection and Robotic Maintenance: Ultra-high voltage line inspections employ “drone + infrared thermography” technology, achieving 10 times the efficiency of manual inspections and detecting potential hazards such as overheated line joints and damaged insulators. The hydropower station plant is equipped with “inspection robots” (capable of underwater and high-altitude operations) to replace manual equipment inspections and data collection, reducing maintenance costs by 30%.

Big Data and AI Dispatch: A “Yarlung Tsangpo River Cascade Hydropower Station Joint Dispatch System” is constructed, integrating meteorological, hydrological, and power load data, and utilizing AI… Algorithms optimize power generation plans—for example, based on 7-day rainfall forecasts, reservoir water levels can be adjusted in advance to achieve a balance between maximizing power generation and ensuring ecological flow, with a scheduling accuracy of 95%.

3. Ecological Protection Technology Innovation

Rare Fish Breeding Technology: Addressing the challenge of artificial breeding of endemic fish species such as the Medog schizothorax, the research team developed a “simulated natural breeding environment” technology. This technology simulates river flow speed, temperature, and quality, increasing the success rate of artificial breeding from 30% to 80%.

High-Altitude Vegetation Restoration Technology: In areas above 3000 meters in altitude, the “native tree species container seedlings + microbial inoculation” technology improves vegetation survival rates. For example, the survival rate of alpine pine seedlings inoculated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria reached 92%, 25% higher than traditional seedling cultivation techniques.

Carbon Emission Monitoring Technology: “Carbon sink monitoring stations” were established around the project site. Using “satellite remote sensing + ground plot survey” technology, the carbon sink volume of forests and wetlands is monitored in real time, providing “Qinghai-Tibet Plateau carbon sink data” for global climate governance.

(III) Serving the “New Pattern of Western Development” Strategy: Promoting Tibet’s Integration into National Development

In 2020, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the “Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of the Western Region in the New Era and Forming a New Pattern,” proposing to “promote high-quality development in the western region and build a new development pattern of mutually reinforcing domestic and international dual circulation.” The construction of the Yarlung Tsangpo River Hydropower Station will become a “breakthrough” for Tibet to integrate into the new pattern of western development, achieving “three breakthroughs.”

1. Opening up the channel between “western resources” and “eastern markets”

Tibet possesses abundant hydropower, mineral, and tourism resources, but for a long time, due to inconvenient transportation and weak infrastructure, its resource advantages have not been able to be transformed into economic advantages. The construction of the Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower station will drive the upgrading of infrastructure such as transportation and energy, enabling Tibetan resources to more easily enter the eastern market:

Energy resources: Hydropower will be transmitted to the east via ultra-high-voltage lines, providing low-cost clean energy for the development of eastern industries;

Tourism resources: Improved transportation will attract tourists from the east to the tourism resources of southeastern Tibet, boosting tourism consumption;

Specialty agricultural products: Plateau specialty agricultural products (such as highland barley, Tibetan pigs, and tea) will be sold to the east through cold chain logistics, realizing the “Eastward transport of Tibetan goods.”

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（二）支撑 “科技自立自强” 战略：突破一批 “卡脖子” 技术

雅鲁藏布江水电站建设面临 “高海拔、高埋深、高地震烈度、低温严寒” 等世界难题，工程建设过程也是 “科技创新的过程”。国家将工程列为 “国家重大科技基础设施”，投入 150 亿元开展科研攻关，突破一批 “卡脖子” 技术，推动我国水电技术从 “跟跑” 向 “领跑” 转变。

1. 高海拔水电工程技术突破

深埋隧洞施工技术：墨脱电站需建设 17 条深埋隧洞，最大埋深 2500 米，洞内温度达 60℃、水压达 25 兆帕（相当于 250 个大气压），传统施工技术无法满足需求。科研团队研发出 “智能化 TBM（全断面硬岩隧道掘进机）”，配备 “高温冷却系统”“岩爆预警系统”，掘进速度达每月 500 米，是传统钻爆法的 3 倍，且施工安全事故率为零；

高坝建设技术：墨脱电站坝高 315 米，坝基位于地震烈度 Ⅸ 度区（全球地震活动最频繁的区域之一），需承受地震荷载、水流冲击等多重压力。科研团队研发出 “超高强混凝土”（抗压强度达 100 兆帕），采用 “分缝分块浇筑 + 温控防裂技术”，解决了高坝抗裂、抗震难题，大坝整体安全系数达 1.8，远超国际标准（1.5）；

高海拔设备研制：普通水轮发电机组在 3000 米海拔地区，因空气稀薄，散热效率降低，出力会下降 15%。哈尔滨电机厂研发出 “高原型水轮发电机组”，采用 “高效散热系统”“耐低温绝缘材料”，在 3000 米海拔下仍能满负荷运行，发电效率达 96.5%，创全球最高纪录。

2. 智能化建设与运营技术

BIM+GIS 数字化建模：工程采用 “建筑信息模型（BIM）+ 地理信息系统（GIS）” 技术，构建 “数字孪生水电站”，实现从设计、施工到运营的全生命周期数字化管理 —— 例如，在施工阶段，通过 BIM 模型模拟混凝土浇筑过程，优化施工方案，减少混凝土用量 10%；在运营阶段，通过数字孪生系统实时监测大坝变形、机组运行状态，预警准确率达 99%；

无人机巡检与机器人运维：特高压线路巡检采用 “无人机 + 红外测温” 技术，巡检效率是人工的 10 倍，可发现线路接头过热、绝缘子破损等隐患；水电站厂房内配备 “巡检机器人”（可在水下、高空作业），替代人工完成设备巡检、数据采集，运维成本降低 30%；

大数据与 AI 调度：构建 “雅鲁藏布江梯级电站联合调度系统”，整合气象、水文、电力负荷等数据，通过 AI 算法优化发电计划 —— 例如，根据未来 7 天的降水预报，提前调整水库水位，实现 “发电量最大化” 与 “生态流量保障” 的平衡，调度精度达 95%。

3. 生态保护技术创新

珍稀鱼类繁育技术：针对墨脱裂腹鱼等特有鱼类的人工繁育难题，科研团队研发出 “仿自然繁殖环境” 技术，模拟河流的水流速度、水温、水质，实现人工繁育成功率从 30% 提升至 80%；

高海拔植被恢复技术：在海拔 3000 米以上区域，采用 “乡土树种容器苗 + 微生物接种” 技术，提高植被成活率 —— 例如，接种固氮菌的高山松幼苗，成活率达 92%，比传统育苗技术提高 25%；

碳排放监测技术：在工程周边建立 “碳汇监测站”，采用 “卫星遥感 + 地面样地调查” 技术，实时监测森林、湿地的碳汇量，为全球气候治理提供 “青藏高原碳汇数据”。

（三）服务 “西部大开发新格局” 战略：推动西藏融入全国发展

2020 年，中共中央、国务院印发《关于新时代推进西部大开发形成新格局的指导意见》，提出 “推动西部地区高质量发展，构建国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局”。雅鲁藏布江水电站的建设，将成为西藏融入西部大开发新格局的 “突破口”，实现 “三个打通”。

1. 打通 “西部资源” 与 “东部市场” 的通道

西藏拥有丰富的水能、矿产、旅游资源，但长期因交通不便、基础设施薄弱，资源优势无法转化为经济优势。雅鲁藏布江水电站的建设，将带动交通、能源等基础设施升级，使西藏的资源能够更便捷地进入东部市场：

能源资源：水电通过特高压线路输送至东部，为东部产业发展提供低成本清洁能源；

旅游资源：交通改善后，藏东南的旅游资源将吸引东部游客，带动旅游消费；

特色农产品：高原特色农产品（如青稞、藏香猪、茶叶）通过冷链物流销往东部，实现 “藏货东输”。

2. Connecting the Domestic and International Economic Circulations Tibet borders India, Nepal, and Bhutan, serving as my country’s gateway to South Asia. The construction of the Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower station will transform Tibet from a “peripheral frontier” to an “open frontier”:

Domestic Opening-up: Through the Sichuan-Tibet Railway and the Yunnan-Tibet Railway, Tibet’s connections with Sichuan and Yunnan provinces will be strengthened, integrating it into the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area;

International Opening-up: The planned construction of the “Tibet (Nyingchi) International Land Port” will connect with the “Belt and Road” South Asia corridor. Through the Yarlung Tsangpo River waterway and the China-Nepal Railway, trade between Western China and South Asia will be facilitated. It is projected that Tibet’s foreign trade volume will increase from 12 billion yuan in 2024 to 100 billion yuan by 2035.

3. Bridging the Gap Between Poverty Alleviation and Rural Revitalization

Tibet was the last province in my country to achieve comprehensive poverty alleviation (in 2020), but its foundation for poverty alleviation remains weak, and rural revitalization faces numerous challenges. The construction of the Yarlung Tsangpo Hydropower Station will provide long-term impetus for rural revitalization in Tibet:

* **Industrial Revitalization:** It will drive the development of tourism, agriculture, and clean energy industries, forming a distinctive industrial pattern of “one village, one product”—for example, Beibeng Township in Medog County is developing “hydropower + tourism,” creating a “border-style village,” where villagers increase their income by operating homestays and selling local specialties;

* **Talent Revitalization:** Local skilled workers trained during the project’s construction (such as electricians, welders, and construction machinery operators) will become “local talents” for rural revitalization, driving the development of surrounding villages;

* **Cultural Revitalization:** It will protect and inherit Tibetan traditional culture. For example, traditional Tibetan water conservancy techniques (such as “watermills”) will be displayed in the hydropower station’s science museum, and Tibetan songs, dances, and folk activities will be integrated into tourism development, promoting the integrated development of “culture + tourism.”

(IV) Supporting the “Frontier Revitalization” Strategy: Strengthening the “Economic Foundation” for Border Stability

Tibet is an important border region of my country, and maintaining border stability and promoting national unity are crucial guarantees for the country’s long-term stability. The construction of the Yarlung Tsangpo River Hydropower Station will strengthen the “foundation” of border stability through a virtuous cycle of “economic development – improved livelihoods – national unity.”

1. Promoting Economic Development in Border Regions and Reducing the Risk of Poverty

Due to their remote location, economic development in border regions of Tibet (such as Medog and Zayu) is slow, and some people still face the risk of falling back into poverty. The project will provide stable employment and income sources for people in border areas:

Employment Guarantee: Priority will be given to employing people from border areas in the project. For example, Medog County has established a “local construction team,” employing over 2,000 Tibetans with an average annual income of 80,000 yuan, far exceeding the local average.

Entrepreneurship Support: For those in border areas with entrepreneurial aspirations, “entrepreneurial loans” and “technical training” will be provided. For example, support will be given to Tibetans to open guesthouses, restaurants, and auto repair shops, with the government providing a three-year tax exemption policy to boost the service industry in border regions.

2. Improving Livelihoods and Enhancing the Sense of Gain in Border Regions

The infrastructure projects supporting education, healthcare, and transportation will significantly improve the living conditions of people in border areas:

Education Improvement: A new “Yarlung Tsangpo Hydropower Hope Primary School” will be built in Medog County, equipped with multimedia classrooms, laboratories, and a library. Excellent teachers from inland areas will be brought in to provide support, enabling children in border areas to enjoy high-quality educational resources.

Healthcare Security: A “Tibet Plateau Disease Prevention and Treatment Center” will be built in Nyingchi City, equipped with advanced medical equipment to address the problems of “long distances and high costs of medical care” for people in border areas. “Health Services in Rural Areas” activities will also be carried out, providing free physical examinations for people in border areas.

Convenience of Life: The project will drive the upgrading of power grids and communication networks in border areas—Medog County will achieve “electricity access to every village” and “full 5G signal coverage.” People can purchase goods through e-commerce platforms and contact relatives in inland areas via video calls, significantly improving the convenience of life.

3. Strengthening Ethnic Unity and Pooling Efforts for Border Development

During the construction process, builders from all over the country lived, ate, and worked alongside local Tibetans, enhancing understanding and friendship among different ethnic groups:

Cultural Exchange: Activities promoting “Ethnic Unity as One Family” were conducted. For example, builders from inland areas learned Tibetan language and customs, while Tibetans learned advanced technologies and culture from inland areas, fostering a positive atmosphere of mutual assistance and common development among all ethnic groups.

Co-construction and Sharing: Major decisions made during the project (such as resettlement and ecological protection) fully solicited the opinions of local residents, ensuring their right to know, participate, and supervise, allowing them to feel that “the project is their own project,” and strengthening their identification with the national development strategy.

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2. 打通 “国内循环” 与 “国际循环” 的节点

西藏与印度、尼泊尔、不丹等国接壤，是我国面向南亚开放的 “门户”。雅鲁藏布江水电站的建设，将推动西藏从 “边疆末梢” 变为 “开放前沿”：

对内开放：通过川藏铁路、滇藏铁路，西藏与四川、云南等省份的联系更加紧密，融入 “成渝地区双城经济圈”“粤港澳大湾区”；

对外开放：规划建设 “西藏（林芝）国际陆港”，对接 “一带一路” 南亚通道，通过雅鲁藏布江水运、中尼铁路，实现 “中国西部 – 南亚” 的货物贸易，预计 2035 年西藏对外贸易额将从 2024 年的 120 亿元增至 1000 亿元。

3. 打通 “脱贫攻坚” 与 “乡村振兴” 的衔接

西藏是我国最后一个实现全面脱贫的省份（2020 年），但脱贫基础仍较薄弱，乡村振兴面临诸多挑战。雅鲁藏布江水电站的建设，将为西藏乡村振兴提供 “长效动力”：

产业振兴：带动旅游、农业、清洁能源等产业发展，形成 “一村一品” 的特色产业格局 —— 例如，墨脱县背崩乡发展 “水电 + 旅游”，打造 “边境风情村”，村民通过经营民宿、销售特产实现增收；

人才振兴：工程建设中培养的本地技术工人（如电工、焊工、工程机械操作员），将成为乡村振兴的 “本土人才”，带动周边村庄发展；

文化振兴：保护和传承藏族传统文化，例如，在水电站科普馆中展示藏族传统水利技术（如 “水磨坊”），在旅游开发中融入藏族歌舞、民俗活动，推动 “文化 + 旅游” 融合发展。

（四）助力 “边疆振兴” 战略：筑牢边疆稳定的 “经济基础”

西藏是我国重要的边疆地区，维护边疆稳定、促进民族团结是国家长治久安的重要保障。雅鲁藏布江水电站的建设，将通过 “经济发展 – 民生改善 – 民族团结” 的良性循环，筑牢边疆稳定的 “根基”。

1. 促进边疆地区经济发展，减少贫困风险

西藏边疆地区（如墨脱、察隅等地）因地处偏远，经济发展缓慢，部分群众仍面临 “返贫风险”。工程建设将为边疆群众提供稳定的就业和收入来源：

就业保障：优先吸纳边疆群众参与工程建设，例如，墨脱县组建 “本地施工队”，吸纳 2000 余名藏族群众就业，人均年收入达 8 万元，远超当地平均水平；

创业支持：对有创业意愿的边疆群众，提供 “创业贷款”“技术培训”，例如，支持藏族群众开办民宿、餐馆、汽修店，政府给予 3 年免税政策，带动边疆地区服务业发展。

2. 改善边疆地区民生，增强群众获得感

工程建设配套的教育、医疗、交通等基础设施，将显著改善边疆群众的生活条件：

教育提升：在墨脱县新建 “雅鲁藏布江水电希望小学”，配备多媒体教室、实验室、图书馆，引入内地优秀教师开展 “支教”，使边疆儿童享受到优质教育资源；

医疗保障：在林芝市建设 “西藏高原病防治中心”，配备先进的医疗设备，解决边疆群众 “看病远、看病贵” 问题，同时开展 “健康下乡” 活动，为边疆群众提供免费体检；

生活便利化：工程建设带动边疆地区电网、通信网络升级 —— 墨脱县实现 “村村通动力电”“5G 信号全覆盖”，群众可通过电商平台购买商品，通过视频通话与内地亲属联系，生活便利化水平显著提升。

3. 加强民族团结，凝聚边疆发展合力

工程建设过程中，来自全国各地的建设者与西藏本地群众 “同吃、同住、同劳动”，增进了各民族之间的了解与友谊：

文化交流：开展 “民族团结一家亲” 活动，例如，内地建设者学习藏族语言、习俗，藏族群众学习内地先进技术、文化，形成 “各民族互帮互助、共同发展” 的良好氛围；

共建共享：工程建设中的重大决策（如移民安置、生态保护），充分征求当地群众意见，保障群众的知情权、参与权、监督权，让群众感受到 “工程是自己的工程”，增强对国家发展战略的认同。

V. Engineering Challenges and Countermeasures: Facing Challenges Head-on to Ensure High-Quality Project Progress

The construction of the Yarlung Tsangpo River Hydropower Station faces multiple challenges, including harsh natural environment, high technical difficulty, ecological sensitivity, and complex social coordination. The state has formulated targeted countermeasures through top-level design, scientific and technological research, and multi-party collaboration to ensure the high-quality progress of the project.

(I) Natural Environment Challenges: Construction Guarantee under High Altitude and High Risk

1. High-Altitude Oxygen Deficiency

The average altitude of the dam site in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River is 2900 meters, with some tunnel construction areas reaching 3500 meters. The oxygen content in the air is only 60% of that in the plains, easily triggering altitude sickness and affecting the health and work efficiency of construction personnel.

Response Strategies:

Health Protection: Construct a “high-altitude oxygen supply station” at the construction camp to provide centralized oxygen supply (oxygen concentration up to 23%) to dormitories, canteens, and medical rooms; equip the site with a professional medical team (including doctors and nurses specializing in altitude sickness), establish “health records,” conduct regular physical examinations for construction workers, and promptly transfer those with severe altitude sickness to lower altitude areas;

Work-Rest Adjustment: Adopt a “half-day construction system” (9:00 AM to 3:00 PM, avoiding periods of severe low temperature and hypoxia), with daily work not exceeding 6 hours to ensure rest for construction workers;

Nutritional Supplementation: Provide construction workers with “high-altitude nutritional meals” (rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals), and provide anti-fatigue and anti-hypoxia health foods (such as Rhodiola rosea and Gaoyuan An) to enhance physical resistance.

2. Geological Hazard Risk: The lower reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River are located at the boundary of the Indian Ocean Plate and the Eurasian Plate, experiencing frequent earthquakes (with a maximum intensity of IX). The steep mountains and fractured rocks make the area prone to landslides, mudslides, and other geological disasters, posing a threat to the construction and operation of the project. Response Strategies:

Geological Investigation: A 2 billion yuan investment will be made in the “Yarlung Tsangpo River Lower Reaches Geological Investigation Project,” employing satellite remote sensing, drone aerial photography, and ground drilling technologies to identify the geological structure and potential hazard points in the project area, creating a “Geological Hazard Distribution Map.”

Engineering Protection: Seismic-resistant design will be adopted for buildings (such as dams and factories) in earthquake-prone areas. For example, dams will have seismic joints, and factories will use steel frame structures to improve earthquake resistance. Landslides will be reinforced with anti-slide piles and anchor cables, and retaining dams and drainage channels will be constructed in debris flow gullies to prevent disasters.

Monitoring and Early Warning: A “Geological Hazard Monitoring and Early Warning System” will be established, deploying 100 ground monitoring points, 50 drone patrol routes, and 2 satellite remote sensing monitoring channels to monitor potential geological hazards in real time. Early warning information will be promptly pushed to construction personnel and surrounding residents via mobile apps and SMS, with a response time of no more than 10 minutes.

(II) Technical Challenges: Overcoming Global Hydropower Engineering Challenges

1. Prevention of Rockbursts in Deep-Buried Tunnels

The Medog Hydropower Station’s deep-buried tunnels have a maximum depth of 2500 meters and ground stress as high as 50 MPa. During construction, rockbursts (sudden rock fractures and ejection, causing damage to equipment and personnel) are prone to occur, posing a significant technical challenge in global hydropower engineering. Response Strategies:

Rockburst Early Warning: Develop a “real-time rockburst monitoring system,” deploying “stress sensors” and “sonic monitoring instruments” at the tunnel excavation face to monitor changes in rock stress in real time. An early warning is issued when the stress reaches a critical value, with an accuracy rate of 95%.

Pressure Relief Measures: Employ “advanced drilling for pressure relief” technology, drilling 150 mm diameter pressure relief holes 10-15 meters deep before tunnel excavation to release ground stress and reduce the probability of rockbursts.

Protective Equipment: Equip construction personnel with “explosion-proof helmets” and “explosion-proof suits,” and install “protective steel mesh” at the tunnel excavation face to prevent injury from rockburst fragments; equip TBMs with “rockburst protection shields” to protect equipment safety.

2. High Dam Concrete Temperature Control and Crack Prevention: The Motuo Hydropower Station dam is a concrete gravity dam, 315 meters high, with a concrete pouring volume of 12 million cubic meters. Concrete releases a lot of heat during the solidification process, causing the temperature of the dam body to rise. If the temperature drops too quickly, cracks are likely to form, affecting the safety of the dam.

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四、工程挑战与应对策略：直面难题，确保工程高质量推进

雅鲁藏布江水电站建设面临 “自然环境恶劣、技术难度大、生态敏感、社会协调复杂” 等多重挑战，国家通过 “顶层设计、科技攻关、多元协同” 等方式，制定针对性应对策略，确保工程高质量推进。

（一）自然环境挑战：高海拔、高风险下的施工保障

1. 高海拔缺氧问题

雅鲁藏布江下游电站坝址平均海拔 2900 米，部分隧洞施工区域海拔达 3500 米，空气中氧气含量仅为平原地区的 60%，容易引发高原反应，影响施工人员健康和工作效率。

应对策略：

健康保障：在施工营地建设 “高原供氧站”，为宿舍、食堂、医务室等场所提供集中供氧（氧气浓度达 23%）；配备专业医疗团队（含高原病医生、护士），建立 “健康档案”，定期为施工人员体检，对高原反应严重者及时转运至低海拔地区；

作息调整：采用 “半日施工制”（上午 9 点至下午 3 点，避开低温、缺氧严重时段），每天工作不超过 6 小时，保障施工人员休息；

营养补充：为施工人员提供 “高原营养餐”（富含蛋白质、维生素、矿物质），配备抗疲劳、抗缺氧的保健食品（如红景天、高原安），增强身体抵抗力。

2. 地质灾害风险

雅鲁藏布江下游位于印度洋板块与欧亚板块交界带，地震活动频繁（地震烈度最高达 Ⅸ 度），且山体陡峭、岩石破碎，易发生滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害，对工程建设和运营构成威胁。

应对策略：

地质勘察：投入 20 亿元开展 “雅鲁藏布江下游地质勘察工程”，采用 “卫星遥感 + 无人机航拍 + 地面钻探” 技术，查明工程区域的地质构造、灾害隐患点，形成 “地质灾害分布图”；

工程防护：对地震高发区域的建筑物（如大坝、厂房）采用 “抗震设计”，例如，大坝设置 “抗震缝”，厂房采用 “钢结构框架”，提高抗震能力；对滑坡体采用 “抗滑桩 + 锚索” 加固，对泥石流沟谷修建 “拦挡坝 + 排导槽”，防止灾害发生；

监测预警：建立 “地质灾害监测预警系统”，布设 100 个地面监测点、50 个无人机巡检航线、2 颗卫星遥感监测通道，实时监测地质灾害隐患，预警信息通过手机 APP、短信等方式及时推送至施工人员和周边群众，预警响应时间不超过 10 分钟。

（二）技术挑战：攻克世界水电工程难题

1. 深埋隧洞岩爆防治

墨脱电站深埋隧洞最大埋深 2500 米，地应力高达 50 兆帕，在施工过程中易发生 “岩爆”（岩石突然破裂、弹射，对设备和人员造成伤害），是全球水电工程中的 “技术难题”。

应对策略：

岩爆预警：研发 “岩爆实时监测系统”，在隧洞开挖面布置 “应力传感器”“声波监测仪”，实时监测岩石应力变化，当应力达到临界值时发出预警，预警准确率达 95%；

卸压措施：采用 “超前钻孔卸压” 技术，在隧洞开挖前钻设直径 150 毫米的卸压孔，孔深 10-15 米，通过钻孔释放地应力，减少岩爆发生概率；

防护装备：为施工人员配备 “防爆安全帽”“防爆服”，在隧洞开挖面设置 “防护钢网”，防止岩爆碎片伤人；TBM 掘进机配备 “防岩爆护盾”，保护设备安全。

2. 高坝混凝土温控防裂

墨脱电站大坝采用混凝土重力坝，坝高 315 米，混凝土浇筑量达 1200 万立方米。混凝土在凝固过程中会释放大量热量，导致坝体温度升高，若降温过快，易产生裂缝，影响大坝安全。

Countermeasures:

Raw Material Optimization: A composite cementitious material of “low-heat cement + fly ash + slag powder” is used to reduce cement usage and lower the heat of hydration of concrete (peak heat of hydration reduced by 30%).

Temperature Control Measures: During concrete pouring, technologies such as “pre-cooling aggregates” (cooling aggregates to 5℃), “ice mixing” (replacing 20% of the mixing water with ice), and “water cooling” (burying cooling water pipes inside the dam body and circulating 10℃ cold water) are used to control the maximum concrete temperature below 60℃.

Cure Management: After concrete pouring, a method of “covering with insulation blankets + water curing” is adopted to control the cooling rate (not exceeding 2℃ per day) and prevent cracking.

(III) Ecological Challenges: Balancing Development and Conservation

1. Protection of Rare Species

The lower reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River are a global biodiversity hotspot. The project construction may impact the habitats of rare species. How to protect the species’ living environment is a significant challenge facing the project. Response Strategies:

Habitat Restoration: Outside the project’s land area, select similar ecological environments to construct “Rare Species Habitat Restoration Zones” (such as the Medog Schizothorax Habitat Restoration Zone and the Bengal Tiger Activity Corridor Restoration Zone), covering an area of 100 square kilometers. Through measures such as planting aquatic plants, improving water quality, and restoring vegetation, new living spaces will be provided for species

Ecological Compensation: Establish the “Yarlung Tsangpo River Ecological Compensation Fund” (5 billion yuan) for biodiversity conservation and ecological environment restoration. For example, provide “ecological compensation” (10,000 yuan per person per year) to herders affected by the project construction to encourage their participation in ecological protection.

International Cooperation: Conduct “Cross-border Biodiversity Conservation Cooperation” with downstream countries such as India and Bangladesh, and establish the “Yarlung Tsangpo-Brahmaputra River Basin Biodiversity Monitoring Network” to jointly protect transboundary species (such as Bengal tigers and migratory birds).

2. Sedimentation in the Reservoir: The lower reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River have a high sediment content (an average annual sediment load of 150 million tons). After the reservoir is built, sediment will accumulate within it, affecting reservoir capacity and power generation efficiency.

Response Strategies: Sediment Monitoring: Sediment monitoring stations will be set up at the reservoir’s inlet and outlet to monitor sediment content and accumulation in real time, and a sediment accumulation prediction model will be established to predict the long-term sedimentation trend of the reservoir.

Sediment Removal Measures: Eight sediment removal holes (5 meters in diameter) will be installed at the bottom of the dam. These holes will be opened during the flood season (June-September) to remove sediment from the reservoir using water flow. The annual sediment removal volume can reach 100 million tons, reducing reservoir sedimentation.

Reservoir Management: A “storage clear water, discharge turbid water” management approach will be adopted—during the dry season (October-May), water will be stored for power generation to reduce sediment inflow; during the flood season (June-September), the water level will be lowered and the outflow increased to discharge sediment downstream, ensuring the reservoir’s long-term effective capacity.

Original of above:

应对策略：

原材料优化：采用 “低热水泥 + 粉煤灰 + 矿渣粉” 的复合胶凝材料，减少水泥用量，降低混凝土水化热（水化热峰值降低 30%）；

温控措施：在混凝土浇筑过程中，采用 “预冷骨料”（将骨料冷却至 5℃）、“加冰拌合”（冰取代 20% 的拌合水）、“通水冷却”（在坝体内部埋设冷却水管，通入 10℃的冷水）等技术，将混凝土最高温度控制在 60℃以内；

养护管理：混凝土浇筑完成后，采用 “覆盖保温被 + 洒水养护” 的方式，控制降温速率（每天不超过 2℃），防止裂缝产生。

（三）生态挑战：平衡开发与保护的关系

1. 珍稀物种保护

雅鲁藏布江下游是全球生物多样性热点地区，工程建设可能对珍稀物种的栖息地造成影响，如何保护物种生存环境是工程面临的重要挑战。

应对策略：

栖息地修复：在工程占地范围外，选择相似的生态环境，建设 “珍稀物种栖息地修复区”（如墨脱裂腹鱼栖息地修复区、孟加拉虎活动廊道修复区），面积达 100 平方公里，通过种植水生植物、改善水质、恢复植被等措施，为物种提供新的生存空间；

生态补偿：设立 “雅鲁藏布江生态补偿基金”（规模 50 亿元），用于生物多样性保护、生态环境修复，例如，对因工程建设受到影响的牧民，给予 “生态补偿款”（每人每年 1 万元），鼓励其参与生态保护；

国际合作：与印度、孟加拉国等下游国家开展 “跨境生物多样性保护合作”，建立 “雅鲁藏布江 – 布拉马普特拉河流域生物多样性监测网络”，共同保护跨境物种（如孟加拉虎、候鸟）。

2. 水库泥沙淤积

雅鲁藏布江下游河道泥沙含量较高（年均输沙量达 1.5 亿吨），水库建成后，泥沙会在库内淤积，影响水库库容和发电效益。

应对策略：

泥沙监测：在水库入库口、出库口设置 “泥沙监测站”，实时监测泥沙含量、淤积量，建立 “泥沙淤积预测模型”，预测水库长期淤积趋势；

排沙措施：在大坝底部设置 “排沙孔”（直径 5 米，共 8 个），在汛期（6-9 月）开启排沙孔，利用水流将库内泥沙排出，每年排沙量可达 1 亿吨，减少水库淤积；

水库调度：采用 “蓄清排浑” 的调度方式 —— 枯水期（10-5 月）蓄水发电，减少泥沙入库；汛期（6-9 月）降低水位，加大下泄流量，将泥沙排至下游，保障水库长期有效库容。

(IV) Social Coordination Challenges: Resettlement and Interest Balancing The project requires the requisition of approximately 100,000 mu (6,667 hectares) of land, involving 5 townships and 20 administrative villages in Nyingchi City and Medog County, Tibet, necessitating the resettlement of approximately 12,000 people. Ensuring the legitimate rights and interests of the resettled residents and achieving their goals of “relocation, stability, and prosperity” is crucial for the smooth progress of the project.

Response Strategies:

* **Resettlement Planning:** A resettlement plan for the Yarlung Tsangpo River Hydropower Station will be developed, employing a combination of centralized and decentralized resettlement. This includes constructing a new resettlement town (capable of accommodating 8,000 people) in Bayi Town, Nyingchi City, with supporting facilities such as schools, hospitals, shopping malls, and employment training centers. For those willing to remain in the area, resettlement will be based on proximity, with the construction of new resettlement villages around the reservoir area to develop specialty agriculture and tourism.

* **Compensation:** Compensation standards will exceed national regulations (land compensation will be 30 times the local annual output value, and housing compensation will be 1.2 times the replacement cost). A transitional living allowance (1,500 yuan per person per month for 3 years) and a pension subsidy (government will pay 15 years of pension insurance) will also be provided.

* **Employment Support:** “Customized training” will be provided to resettled individuals (e.g., electrician, welder, tour guide, chef). After training, they will be given priority for employment in hydropower stations, power transmission lines, and tourist attractions, with an employment rate exceeding 90%. For those who choose to start their own businesses, [further support will be provided]. “Entrepreneurial Loan Interest Subsidy” (Loan amount up to 500,000 yuan, interest subsidy for 3 years).

V. Conclusion: The Long-Term Value and Contemporary Significance of a Century-Long Project The development and construction of the Yarlung Tsangpo River Hydropower Station vividly demonstrates the advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics in “concentrating resources to accomplish major tasks.” It is a convergence point of multiple strategies, including national energy security, the “dual carbon” target, regional coordinated development, technological self-reliance, and border revitalization. In the short term, it will alleviate my country’s energy shortage, optimize the energy structure, and drive economic development in Tibet. In the long term, it will provide crucial support for achieving my country’s carbon neutrality goal by 2060, offer a “Chinese solution” for global clean energy development, and lay a solid foundation for long-term stability and security in border regions.

Original of above:

（四）社会协调挑战：移民安置与利益平衡

工程建设需征用土地约 10 万亩，涉及西藏林芝市、墨脱县的 5 个乡镇、20 个行政村，需安置移民约 1.2 万人。如何保障移民的合法权益，实现 “搬得出、稳得住、能致富”，是工程顺利推进的关键。

应对策略：

移民安置规划：编制《雅鲁藏布江水电站移民安置规划》，采用 “集中安置 + 分散安置” 相结合的方式 —— 在林芝市八一镇建设 “移民新城”（可容纳 8000 人），配套建设学校、医院、商场、就业培训中心等设施；对愿意留在当地的移民，采取 “就近安置”，在库区周边建设 “移民新村”，发展特色农业、旅游业；

利益补偿：移民补偿标准高于国家规定（土地补偿费为当地年产值的 30 倍，房屋补偿费为重置价的 1.2 倍），同时为移民提供 “过渡期生活补助”（每人每月 1500 元，共 3 年）、“养老保险补贴”（政府代缴 15 年养老保险）；

就业扶持：对移民开展 “订单式培训”（如电工、焊工、导游、厨师），培训后优先推荐至水电站、输电线路、旅游景区等单位就业，就业率达 90% 以上；对自主创业的移民，给予 “创业贷款贴息”（贷款额度最高 50 万元，贴息 3 年）。

五、结语：世纪工程的长远价值与时代意义

雅鲁藏布江水电站的开发建设，是中国特色社会主义制度 “集中力量办大事” 优势的生动体现，是国家能源安全战略、“双碳” 目标、区域协调发展、科技自立自强、边疆振兴等多重战略的 “交汇点”。从短期看，它将缓解我国能源短缺、优化能源结构、带动西藏经济发展；从长期看，它将为我国 2060 年碳中和目标实现提供重要支撑，为全球清洁能源开发提供 “中国方案”，为边疆地区长治久安奠定坚实基础。

The significance of this “project of the century” far transcends hydropower development itself—it is China’s “green development calling card” to the world, an “engine” for revitalizing the western border regions, a “testing ground” for technological innovation, and a “bond” for the unity, struggle, and common prosperity of all ethnic groups. As the project progresses, the Yarlung Tsangpo River, this “plateau river,” will no longer be a “dormant treasure trove of hydropower,” but will become a “river of life” and a “river of hope,” nourishing China’s high-quality economic development and contributing to global climate governance.

During the next 10 years of construction, the project will face even more challenges, but under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China, with the support of the people nationwide, and through the efforts of all builders, the Yarlung Tsangpo Hydropower Station will undoubtedly become a “safe, green, intelligent, and efficient” global benchmark project, making a significant contribution to realizing the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Original of above:

这项 “世纪工程” 的意义，早已超越了水电开发本身 —— 它是中国向世界展示的 “绿色发展名片”，是推动西部边疆振兴的 “引擎”，是科技创新的 “试验田”，更是各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展的 “纽带”。随着工程的推进，雅鲁藏布江这条 “高原天河”，将不再是 “沉睡的水能宝库”，而是成为滋养中国经济高质量发展、助力全球气候治理的 “生命之河”“希望之河”。

在未来的 10 年建设周期中，工程还将面临更多挑战，但在中国共产党的坚强领导下，在全国人民的支持下，在全体建设者的努力下，雅鲁藏布江水电站必将建成 “安全、绿色、智能、高效” 的全球标杆工程，为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦作出重要贡献。

CHINA’S MASTER PLAN

3. Strengthening Ethnic Unity and Pooling Efforts for Border Development

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